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	Journal "Svarochnoe Proizvodstvo"	ISSN 0491-6441
	Contents (�01 2021)
to russian

SCIENTIFIC-TECHNICAL SECTION

Kuskov Yu. M., Bogaychuk I. L., Shevchenko N. P., Fesenko �. �. � Electrocinder deposition with 110G13L steel chips at a current-supplying crystallizer

Electroslag surfacing was performed in a current-carrying mold of ∅180 mm with 110G13L steel chips on St3 steel billets. It was established that the structure of the deposited metal corresponds to the structure of cast steel, in which austenite is the main phase. It has been shown that the most dangerous zone for the appearance of cracks is the fusion zone of the base and building metal with the formation of a martensitic-bainitic structure and carbides in it. To exclude this zone or reduce its width, surfacing must be performed with the optimal combination of electrical energy introduced into the slag bath and the mass flow rate of the chips. The proposed technology is recommended for the manufacture of bimetallic products operating in conditions of wear and increased shock loads. At the same time, to increase their mechanical properties, it is necessary to provide for heat treatment.
Key words: electroslag surfacing, current-carrying mold, steel shavings 110G13L, parent steel from steel St3, macro and microstructures

Semykin V. N., Protsenko V. N., Besko A. V., Sviridov D. A., Podzorov N. V. � Small atlas of residual stresses trajectories during surfacing or how to make steel "transparent"

The article shows the unique capabilities of the physical non-destructive magnetoelastic method by the example of creating a small atlas of the principal stresses trajectories fields (isostat) during electric arc deposition. The object of the research is two plates from steel St3 with dimensions of 500�400�8 and 400�200�8 mm, attached along the edges. Six deposition variants are carried out on their surface using a semiautomatic device in a carbon dioxide environment: "Parallel rolls", "Circles", "Fork", "Arcs", "Cross", "Angle", imitating common weld seams.
The work presents the sequence of the isostat detection process: drawing a coordinate net on a sample, determining the inclination angles values of tangents related to the trajectories of the greatest principal stresses in the net knotes, graphic constructions.
The magnetoelastic method is implemented through the use mechanical stress meter � MSM-4M with a sensor base of 5 mm, an operating frequency of 1000 Hz, an inclinometer error of �2 degrees. An atlas of typical isostat fields is created on the basis of control at 1900 net knots on the surface of a compact steel sample. Visualization of power flows is provided, which makes the steel appear to be "transparent" and opens up additional opportunities for researchers and production engineers to optimize deposition and welding technologies, and to evaluate the effectiveness of reducing residual stresses in various ways.
Key words: deposition, rolls, residual stresses, magnetoelastic method, isostats

DOI: 10.34641/SP.2021.1034.1.001
Kovalev S. V., Portnykh A. I., Aslamova V. Yu. � Study of welded joints from titanium alloy VT6S, made by electron beam welding and suitable for operation in cryogenic conditions

The article is based on realization of metallographic research in order to prove quality and following application of welded joint with the changed construction of coupling edges for details made of titanium alloy ��6�. The welded joint has been gained by electron beam welding. The expertise of macro- and microstructures has been realized, the hardness has been changed and testing of mechanical qualities under room and reduced temperature has been realized. The conclusion of possibility of application electron beam welding for welded joints of titanium spherical tanks is based on the research.
Key words: electron beam welding, welded joint, titanium alloy, macrostructure, microstructure, mechanical qualities

Petrov S. Yu., Orlov S. E., Rezanov V. A., Izmailov A. R. � The use of thermometry to control the operation of the K-1100 rail welding machine

The issues of the thermal imaging control using at contact welding of rails with a K-1100 welding machine are considered. On the basis of the presented thermograms uneven heating of both the main units and assemblies of the machine and the heating of the contact zone during the rail welding process was revealed.
Key words: rail-welding machine, machining of welded ends, machining of a welded joint

PRODUCTION SECTION

DOI: 10.34641/SP.2021.1034.1.002
Chudina O. V. � Structural strength of steels after laser alloying and nitriding

The work is devoted to the influence study of the laser alloying of carbon steels with nitrideforming elements followed by nitriding on wear resistance and fatigue strength. It is shown that the combined technology makes it possible to set in motion the maximum possible number of strengthening mechanisms and purposefully create a structure that can effectively resist wear and fatigue. The layer microhardness after alloying and subsequent short-term nitriding is 12000...21 000 MPa, and depends on the type of alloying element.
An increase in the nitriding duration to 6 hours or aging leads to an even greater increase in hardness due to the release of dispersed particles with optimal degree of coherence with the matrix. It is shown that the wear resistance of steel 20 after combined treatment is 15 times higher than wear resistance of normalized steel 20, and 1.5...3 times higher than the wear resistance of nitrided nitralloy 38Kh2MYuA. High wear resistance is explained by the high hardness of the surface layer and the formation of a Charpy-type surface relief, which reduces the coefficient of friction. Tests with low and high-cycle loading of the strengthened specimens showed a 1.5-fold decrease in the growth rate of a fatigue crack and an increase in the threshold value of the stress intensity factor, below which the crack does not develop.
Key words: laser alloying, nitriding, microstructure, microhardness, wear resistance, crack resistance

Vasiltsov V. V., Bogdanov A. V., Grigoryants A. G., Makarenko K. I. � Additive laser technologies for sintering metal powders for industrial products receiving

A domestic laser process installation for additive technologies is described. The installation has been built around a powerful waveguide CO2 laser. As an example of this plant operation, the experiments on sintering of heat resistant alloys for aircraft industry have den made. Metallographic examination of the obtained structure has been perform.
Key words: additive laser technologies, laser strengthen, CO2-gas laser, metallographic studies of structures

DOI: 10.34641/SP.2021.1034.1.003
Pashkov I. N., Misnikov V. E., Morozov V. A., Gadzhiev M., Bazlova T. A. � Influence of solder and flux composition on thermal stability of brazed PDC cutters

The process of induction brazing of diamond-carbide cutters with various silver solders and fluxes with different proportions of active substances is considered in this paper.
The influence of heating during brazing on the thermal stability of polycrystalline diamond is also investigated. A methodology for testing brazed cutters is developed and the results of the wear dependence from the applied solders and the soldering mode are obtained. It is established that at hold-up time at temperature over 800 �C for more than 1 minute takes place destruction of the diamond plate.
Due to the significant alloying of silver solders with manganese and nickel, a dependence of the solder wetting of the diamond-hard alloy cutters (DHAC) carbide substrate surface from the composition of the fluoroborate flux is found. The best results are obtained when using PV209 or PV209X flux, which have a minimum F/B ratio, i.e. with lower fluorine content. When choosing solders, preference should be given to alloys based on silver with a melting point no higher than 700 �C, alloyed with manganese and nickel. It is possible to reduce the silver content in solders from 49 to 38 wt % while maintaining high properties of the brazed joints.
Key words: induction brazing, soldering of cutters with polycrystalline diamonds, silver solders and fluxes

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