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STRUCTURAL MATERIALS, METAL SCIENCE

DOI: 10.34641/TM.2022.239.5.028
Kholodnikov Yu. V. — Industrial composites

The article deals with the development of an innovative direction of industrial production of composite materials and products from them for the needs of the industrial and economic complex of the country. The idea of combining these composites into a separate group — "industrial" composites, which have a number of significant differences in the materials used, manufacturing methods, operating and maintenance conditions, from other "civilian" composites is proposed. The proposed division will make it possible to more clearly define the need for the development and implementation of special types of composite materials and equipment, the development of the necessary regulatory and technical documentation, the training of professional personnel, ways to stimulate the development of this type of composite construction and directions for effective implementation in the industrial sector of the economy of the results of innovative composite products. The importance of this group of products for solving the strategic tasks of developing the country's manufacturing sector under import substitution programs, creating competitive products and industries was emphasized.
The author, having analyzed the results of the implementation of the "road map" "Development of the Composite Materials Production Industry", approved by the Government of the Russian Federation on July 24, 2013, as well as on the basis of the analytical reviews available in open sadness on the topic under consideration, concluded that the results achieved did not correspond to the set goals and tasks and the state of the composite building industry as a whole, the needs of the manufacturing sector of the economy. One of the ways to intensify the development of the production of industrial composites is the widespread involvement of small and medium-sized manufacturing businesses, provided that obstacles to their effective development are removed.
The article lists the problems of small and medium-sized manufacturing businesses that prevent their full involvement in solving the problems of the real sector of the economy.
Key words: composites, composite materials, industrial composites, production, small manufacturing business, innovation

PROCUREMENT PRODUCTION

DOI: 10.34641/TM.2022.239.5.029
Chudina O. V., Zorin V. A., Brezhnev A. A., Bringulis P., Simonov D. S. — Chemical-thermal treatment of parts obtained by selective laser melting 

Research has been carried out on the material of a gear made in an industrial production by the method of selective laser melting from a powder with a chemical composition: Fe — base; 0,12 % C; 0,8 % Si; 0,84 % Mn; 17,8 % Cr; 10,85 % Ni; 0,62 % Ti; 0,013 % S; 0,03 % P. Thegear was subjected to nitriding at a temperature of 570 °C for 6 h. in a nitrogen atmosphere. Metallographic and durometric studies have established that after nitriding an austenitic alloy obtained by selective laser melting, a weakly developed nitride zone of the ε-phase with a thickness of about 10 μm and a diffusion sublayer with a thickness of more than 300 μm are formed, which is 2 times larger in comparison with nitrided similar alloys obtained by traditional way. Increase of the diffusion rate into the interior of the metal is explained by the formation of a specific structure for selective laser melting, which has a cellular structurewith a high density of dislocations up to 1012 cm–2, facilitating the accelerated penetration of nitrogen into the interior of the metal, but preventing its diffusion inside the grain and the formation of nitrides of alloying elements. Therefore, the microhardness of the nitrided layer is low, 3500 MPa. It is possible to regulate the structure of the synthesized material and obtain the most effective strengthening phases in the diffusion layer by optimal technological solutions for the processes of laser alloying of powders and subsequent chemical-thermal treatment.
Key words: additive manufacturing, selective laser melting, chemical heat treatment, nitriding, structure, microhardness

TECHNOLOGIES AND EQUIPMENT OF MECHANICAL, PHYSICAL AND TECHNICAL PROCESSING, PRESSURE TREATMENT

DOI: 10.34641/TM.2022.239.5.030
Ivanov Yu. V., Gabdrahmanov R. R. — Investigation of the vibration-isolating installation of a pneumatic forging hammer 

The issues of improving working conditions by vibrations in blacksmith shops are considered. The results of a study on the design of a vibration-isolating installation of pneumatic forging hammers as one of the varieties of vibration-active equipment are presented.
To reduce vertical vibrations of this equipment, multi-leaf springs are used, which effectively reduce vibrations and have a long service life. Recommendations on the use of the proposed structures in blacksmith shops are given.
Key words: vibrations, pneumatic forging hammer, vibration isolation, shock absorbers, springs

MECHANICAL ASSEMBLY PRODUCTION

DOI: 10.34641/TM.2022.239.5.031
Nikiruy A. E., Weiner A. V., Drogovoz P. A. — A method for automating the process of selective selection of parts based on a virtual assembly when the production of precision optical systems

In the experimental and small-scale production of precision optical systems (POS), it is important to manufacture competitive products. When organizing the production of POS, one of the time-consuming technological processes is the assembly of the product.
Namely, the installation of lenses in the frame in the hull. An option to optimize the cost of assembling a product is the selective assembly of the POS. In order to improve and increase the efficiency of this process, a method has been created for automating the selective assembly of POS based on a virtual assembly of products. This method is used to sort and select parts, calculate the compliance of the POS with the specified criteria, and evaluate the simulation results. It allows you to significantly increase the number of manufactured products and reduce production costs. The main stages of the production of lenses and a schematic diagram of the main stages of the process of modeling the virtual selective assembly of POS are described. The results of the work can be applied in both experimental and mass production.
Key words: mechanical engineering, organization of production, small-scale production, precision production, assembly technology, selective assembly, precision optical system, automation of production

MACHINE TOOL AND TOOL PRODUCTION

DOI: 10.34641/TM.2022.239.5.032
Almohammad Alnayef M., Brungardt M. V., Sorokin E. A., Khorosh I. A., Brungardt A. V. — Influence of thermal deformations of parts on the technological accuracy of machine tools

The analysis of methods for reducing and compensating thermal deformations of components and parts of metal-cutting machine tools is given. The influence of thermal deformations on the technological accuracy of machine tools is shown.
Key words: machine tools, temperature deformations, technological accuracy

METHODS OF CONTROL AND DIAGNOSTICS IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

DOI: 10.34641/SP.2021.1040.7.031
Dmitriev S. F., Malikov V. N., Ishkov A. V., Voynash S. A., Vornacheva I. V., Sokolova V. A., Remshev E. Yu., Gusev A. S. — Superminiature eddy current converter for the study of defects in high-strength steel welds

This article presents the results of the work on the creation of a flaw detection system focused on the study of high-strength steels. Welded joints of transformer tanks made of type 08G2B steel were chosen as the object of research. The choice for this type of material fell due to the ultra-low carbon content in it, which opens up prospects for the use of eddy current non-destructive testing methods. To carry out direct measurements, a scanning unit was designed and brought to an optimal state, including a converter using the principles of eddy currents and having three circuits assembled on a ferrite core, brand 80NMZ. The installation was tested on samples with model continuity defects (cracks and holes). Also, in the framework of the work, the modeling of corrosion defects in welded joints was carried out.
Key words: flaw detection, steel, eddy currents, eddy current control, non-destructive testing, weld, corrosion defect

MATHEMATICAL MODELING, NUMERICAL METHODS, SOFTWARE PACKAGES

DOI: 10.34641/TM.2022.239.5.033
Zenkovich M. V., Drews Yu.G., Inozemtseva V. S., Zolotarev V. V. — Improving the quality of design solutions in the design and modernization of machine-building enterprises by simulation modeling

The article discusses the methodology for constructing simulation models of production systems of machine-building enterprises. The presentation of the method under consideration is given on the example of the development of a simulation model of a foundry shop of a machine-building enterprise. A formalized description of the considered production process in the form of a Petri net is presented. The structure of the simulation model is described. The simulation model is implemented in the GPSS World simulation system. The model allows, by changing the parameters describing the characteristics of the process and system resources, to evaluate their impact on the production process as a whole and on its individual indicators (productivity, technological losses, causes and magnitude of time delays, etc.), to conduct a comparative analysis of alternative configurations of the production system under study, as well as identify bottlenecks in the process.
The presented methodology is successfully used in the design and engineering work on the creation of new and reconstruction of existing machine-building industries, as well as in the development of information and control systems for these industries.
Key words: simulation modeling, Petri nets, production system, engineering production, improvement of the quality of design solutions

AUTOMATION AND CONTROL OF TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES AND PRODUCTIONS, CAD

DOI: 10.34641/TM.2022.239.5.034
Meshkov V. G., Kapitanov A. V., Feofanov A. N. — Trends in the creation and development of integrated automated control systems

The main directions of the development of integrated automated control systems are considered, the requirements for integration tools that ensure the solution of a set of tasks in accordance with a given time schedule and hierarchy of relationships are determined.
Key words: integrated systems, automated systems, industrial relations structures, integration tools

STANDARDIZATION AND PRODUCT QUALITY MANAGEMENT

DOI: 10.34641/TM.2022.239.5.035
Zhdankova D. S., Timofeev A. N. — Assessment of the influence of technological factors on the quality of a ceramic semi-finished product of a ceramic matrix composite material reinforced with silicon carbide fibers

The article analyzes the process of obtaining a ceramic semi-finished product of a ceramic matrix composite material (CMC) reinforced with silicon carbide fibers. The factors of the technological process that affect the quality indicators of the produced ceramic matrix composite material are determined. The method of expert assessments revealed the most significant factors in the technological process of manufacturing a ceramic matrix composite material, which determine the quality of products.
Key words: ceramic semi-finished product, ceramic matrix composite material, carbatesilicon fibers, product quality

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