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	Journal "Svarochnoe Proizvodstvo"	ISSN 0491-6441
	Contents (�07 2022)
to russian

SCIENTIFIC-TECHNICAL SECTION

DOI: 10.34641/SP.2022.1052.7.046
Kuskov Yu. M., Kuzmenko O. G., Shevchenko V. E., Lentyugov I. P., Zhdanov V. A. � Reflow of steel and cast iron surfaces of the base metal during electroslag surfacing

The character of the melting of steel and cast-iron surfaces has been investigated in relation to three technological electroslag processes: electroslag surfacing of rolling rolls in a current supplying mould; electroslag heating and subsequent surfacing of the die surface; electroslag cleaning of the surface of the workpieces. The first technology is applied to steel and cast iron surfaces, the other two are applied to steel.
It has been established that the melting of the surface of a metal of any chemical composition depends on the presence of certain structural components in it. Steel surfaces melt relatively smoothly. Cast iron surfaces are characterized by a rough relief of melting, but when electroslag surfacing of chromium cast iron on the base of a roll barrel made of chromium-nickel cast iron, the fusion zone is not a weak link in the connection of metals and during operation, a sufficiently high strength of such bimetallic rolls is ensured.
Key words: electroslag process, melting of steel and cast-iron surfaces, metal fusion zone

DOI: 10.34641/SP.2022.1052.7.047
Bulkov A. B., Peshkov V. V., Korchagin I. B., Bokarev D. I., Selivanov G. V. � Kinetics of cleaning the titanium surface from the embrittled part of the oxide layer under diffusion welding conditions

The article considers the process of cleaning titanium surfaces from the embrittled part of the oxide layer under diffusion welding conditions. The physical and chemical state of the contact surfaces of workpieces for diffusion welding is proposed to be assessed by the depth of gas-saturated layers. As criteria for the development of the process of cleaning oxidized surfaces from embrittled layers, the topography of surfaces in the zone of greatest deformation during the destruction of the test sample by bending, the value of microhardness and the oxygen concentration on the test surfaces were used.
The experiments performed showed that the time required to clean the surfaces of titanium samples from embrittled layers and restore their plastic properties decreases with an increase in the annealing temperature and increases when a contact is formed between them. Dependences were experimentally obtained that allow one to estimate the time and temperature of non-oxidizing annealing, which ensure the cleaning of titanium surfaces from embrittled layers of various thicknesses.
Key words: diffusion welding, titanium, embrittled oxide layers

DOI: 10.34641/SP.2022.1052.7.048
Rumyantsev E. N. � Stabilization of the position of the weld pool during electron beam welding of dissimilar materials

Physico-technological and energy features of electron beam welding (EBW) determine the feasibility of its use in conditions of increased requirements for the quality and properties of welded joints, which makes its use economically viable, including in largescale production when joining metals, for which other welding methods melting is not economically feasible.
However, EBW is a complex and multidimensional space-time process and the quality of the resulting welded joint is determined by the result of the combined action of many factors. In the case of EBW of parts made of dissimilar materials, all other things being equal, the requirement to increase the accuracy of controlling the degree of penetration of welded edges to eliminate the formation of defects such as non-fusion of edges and lack of penetration at the root of the weld under conditions of dynamic instability of the joint position is relevant.
The implementation of the mentioned requirement is possible only by stabilizing the current position of the weld pool relative to the joint in real time directly during the EBW. In this paper, we consider a method for stabilizing the position of the weld pool based on the analysis of the secondary electron current in the plasma, which contains in its composition the component of the thermionic emission current from the surface of the weld pool, as well as an enlarged functional diagram of the device for stabilizing its position.
Key words: electron beam welding, dissimilar materials, displacement, thermionic emission, thermionics, electromagnetic deflection system

DOI: 10.34641/SP.2022.1052.7.049
Feofanov A. N., Ovchinnikov V. V., Berezina V. A. � Influence of the parameters of the friction stir welding mode on the structure and properties of the joints of the V-1341T1 alloy sheets

The influence of the welding speed on the mechanical properties and structure of joints of the V-1341T1 alloy obtained by friction stir welding has been studied. The strength factor of welded joints increased from 0.62 to 0.90 as the welding speed increased from 155 mm/min to 800 mm/min. The destruction of welded joints obtained by friction stir welding during tensile tests occurs along the heat affected zone. The use of forced water cooling of the V-1341T1 alloy joints makes it possible to obtain a fine-grained weld structure (average grain size 3�4 μm) at low welding speeds.
Artificial aging of welded joints of alloy V-1341T1, made by STP, in the state after complete heat treatment does not cause grain growth and changes in the micro and macrostructure of the joint. Repeated hardening and artificial aging of samples of welded joints of V-1341T1 alloy made by STP leads to a significant (approximately 10-fold) grain growth in the weld, and is accompanied by a simultaneous decrease in the strength, ductility and toughness of the welded joint. The fatigue strength of welded joints of V-1341T1 alloy made by STP is at the level of the base metal fatigue strength.
Key words: aluminum alloy V-1341T1, friction stir welding, welding speed, average grain size, temporary resistance, heat treatment, fatigue strength of welded joints

PRODUCTION SECTION

DOI: 10.34641/SP.2022.1052.7.050
Sitnikov B. V., Marshuba V. P., Kasyanenko I. V. � Features of the formation of the seam in pulsed arc welding with electromagnetic stirring

The article discusses the physical and technological features of pulse-arc welding (IDS) with a non-consumable electrode in argon of chromium-nickel austenitic steels of type 18-10 with the use of electromagnetic stirring (EMF) of the bath melt. A comparative analysis of the kinograms of the processes occurring in the "arc-bath" system with IDS and welding with a pulsed arc in an axial magnetic field. The technique and results of experimental studies of the current distribution over the product in the zone of IDS. The features of the formation of a seam in welding with a pulsed arc using EMF of the pool melt are described. Recommendations are given on the choice of IDS mode parameters with EMP.
Key words: non-consumable electrode, argon, arc, welding, defects, electromagnetic stirring, current distribution, seam formation

DOI: 10.34641/SP.2022.1052.7.051
Smakovskiy M. S. � Hardening of working surfacesof brass parts by surfacing with Inconel 625 with borides

Effects of boron carbide/nickel alloy basedcladdings on structure and properties of marine brass fittings has been studied in this work. Shown, than positive effect of appliance of boron carbide contained electrodes for hardfacing on hardness and wear resistance of cladding implemented by the formationof rigid borides and borocarbides.
Key words: hardfacing, hardness, boron carbide, claddings, nickel alloy, brass, fittings

DOI: 10.34641/SP.2022.1052.7.052
Muravyov V. F. � The current state of the technology of contact-arc cutting and metal processing

The features of contact-arc cutting and processing (RCTC) with a non-rotating electrode-tool, its technological capabilities, the state of the RCTC technology and publications in this area are considered. Examples of the use of CDRO in the nuclear industry are given.
Key words: contact arc cutting and processing, non-rotating tool electrode, technological capabilities, nuclear industry, publications

PRODUCT QUALITY MANAGEMENT, STANDARDIZATION. ORGANIZATION OF PRODUCTION

DOI: 10.34641/TM.2022.238.4.026
Ignatova A. M., Ignatov M. N., Fainburg G. Z. � Classification of microspherical particles of the solid component of welding aerosols formed during manual arc welding with coated electrodes

The development of occupational diseases of welders is largely caused by the solid component of welding aerosols (SCWA), which consists of fine particles of different composition and structure, 40�50 % of all SCWA particles in manual arc welding of ferrous and non-ferrous metals are represented by spherical formations of various structures, shapes and composition. The classification of microspherical particles formed during manual arc welding with coated electrodes was analyzed, as a result it was found that the main criterion for it is not the morphology but the composition, so the composition of the SCWA particles includes mesoporous hollow particles, container, multilayer varieties of them and formations with the "particle in particle" structure. ". The formation of particles, as shown by a detailed study, is due not only to condensation, but also to the flotation processes of gases in the melts of the weld pool. Particles are connected to each other forming agglomerates, and at the initial stage, the coalescence process predominates, and only after that it can turn into coagulation. Agglomerates have a complex structure, channels are formed between the particles in which reduction takes place, the agglomerate itself is "overgrown" with an oxidized layer, and mesoporosity is reduced inside the particles.
Key words: classification of microspherical particles, manual electric arc welding, particle morphology, container and multilayer particles, formations with the "Particle in particle" structure

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